The Giver Vs. Brave New World Essay Example For Students

The Giver Vs. Brave New World Essay The Giver by Lois Lowry and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley have many similarities. They both take place in futuristic utopias where happiness is the overall goal. Jonas and Bernard, the major characters in the novels, are both restless individuals who want change. Despite the close similarities, there are many contrasts in the two novels. The childhood, family, and professions arrangements are differently portrayed in the similar novels The Giver and Brave New World. The similarities in the two novels are few despite of the similar concept the novels have. Both deal with utopias where everyone is happy. They both have individuals wanting to change the way society operates. Every individual in the novel is genetically engineered and conditioned to like what he or she has and be happy. Emotions and feelings arent supposed to exist in either utopia. Though the utopia in Brave New World is more technologically advanced than the one in The Giver, they are both more advanced than todays technology. We will write a custom essay on The Giver Vs. Brave New World specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Growing up is very different in the two novels. In The Giver, each child grows up in a similar way to the way today. They each grow up in a family unit, go to school with children their age, and play child games like todays. They grow to live a normal child until they reach the age of twelve, where they begin training for their assigned profession. In Brave New World, the children dont experience childhood. After they are born in a lab, they are all conditioned what to like and what to hate according to their social placing. The children entertain themselves by playing very complex games that require much equipment and also by sexual recreation. The two novels family unit system is very different from each other. The family structure in The Giver is somewhat similar to ours today. The families consist of parents and children but each family unit is limited. A unit is restricted to two adult parents, one male child, and one female child. Brave New World has no family structure. A motto included in the novel states, everyone belongs to everyone else. Every adult lives alone in his or her own apartment with no spouse but with many sexual partners. Professions were assigned in both novels, but in a different manner. When children turned twelve years old in The Giver, they began training for the professions they were assigned. The professions assigned were based on the childs interests, abilities, and limitations. In Brave New World, social status was determined before the birth of the individual. With social rank, came professions. The lower classes were assigned professions that required hard physical labor while higher class professions included genetic engineering, education engineering, and emotional engineering, among others. Despite of the injustice of lack of choice, happiness is abundant in the cold world called Brave New World. Though both utopias existed to ensure the happiness of their citizens, two individuals, each from their own society, remained restless with the emotionless world. Only Jonas, the main character from The Giver, strove to change his community by trying to show society that pain is love. Jonas was willing to sacrifice himself to bring back pain and love into the world. Bernard, a major character from Brave New World, wanted to change the world, but he had different motives. Bernard was only interested in his own advantage. His actions destroyed three lives, but he only cared for his own. In the end, Jonas succeeded in changing society, and Bernard never tried. The Giver and Brave New World are two very similar novels with many differences. The societies in each novel have different procedures and customs for childhood, the family structure, and the profession designation. .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569 , .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569 .postImageUrl , .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569 , .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569:hover , .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569:visited , .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569:active { border:0!important; } .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569:active , .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569 .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udee473399f5346aa7990b8e92ffcd569:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American History X Essay The two major characters from each novel had different intentions in changing the world. With all these differences, The Giver and Brave New World both expressed the same basic conceptpain and love cant exist in a perfect utopia. . The Giver vs. Brave New World Essay Example For Students The Giver vs. Brave New World Essay The Giver by Lois Lowry and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley have many similarities. They both take place in futuristic utopias where happiness is the overall goal. Jonas and Bernard, the major characters in the novels, are both restless individuals who want change. Despite the close similarities, there are many contrasts in the two novels. The childhood, family, and professions arrangements are differently portrayed in the similar novels The Giver and Brave New World. The similarities in the two novels are few despite of the similar concept the novels have. Both deal with utopias where everyone is happy. They both have individuals wanting to change the way society operates. Every individual in the novel is genetically engineered and conditioned to like what he or she has and be happy. Emotions and feelings arent supposed to exist in either utopia. Though the utopia in Brave New World is more technologically advanced than the one in The Giver, they are both more advanced than todays technology. We will write a custom essay on The Giver vs. Brave New World specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Growing up is very different in the two novels. In The Giver, each child grows up in a similar way to the way today. They each grow up in a family unit, go to school with children their age, and play child games like todays. They grow to live a normal child until they reach the age of twelve, where they begin training for their assigned profession. In Brave New World, the children dont experience childhood. After they are born in a lab, they are all conditioned what to like and what to hate according to their social placing. The children entertain themselves by playing very complex games that require much equipment and also by sexual recreation. The two novels family unit system is very different from each other. The family structure in The Giver is somewhat similar to ours today. The families consist of parents and children but each family unit is limited. A unit is restricted to two adult parents, one male child, and one female child. Brave New World has no family structure. A motto included in the novel states, everyone belongs to everyone else. Every adult lives alone in his or her own apartment with no spouse but with many sexual partners. Professions were assigned in both novels, but in a different manner. When children turned twelve years old in The Giver, they began training for the professions they were assigned. The professions assigned were based on the childs interests, abilities, and limitations. In Brave New World, social status was determined before the birth of the individual. With social rank, came professions. The lower classes were assigned professions that required hard physical labor while higher class professions included genetic engineering, education engineering, and emotional engineering, among others. Despite of the injustice of lack of choice, happiness is abundant in the cold world called Brave New World. Though both utopias existed to ensure the happiness of their citizens, two individuals, each from their own society, remained restless with the emotionless world. Only Jonas, the main character from The Giver, strove to change his community by trying to show society that pain is love. Jonas was willing to sacrifice himself to bring back pain and love into the world. Bernard, a major character from Brave New World, wanted to change the world, but he had different motives. Bernard was only interested in his own advantage. His actions destroyed three lives, but he only cared for his own. In the end, Jonas succeeded in changing society, and Bernard never tried. The Giver and Brave New World are two very similar novels with many differences. The societies in each novel have different procedures and customs for childhood, the family structure, and the profession designation. .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf , .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf .postImageUrl , .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf , .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf:hover , .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf:visited , .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf:active { border:0!important; } .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf:active , .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uecaff69d1ea1f6455337fa017e3cbfdf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Wild West in the 1800s Essay The two major characters from each novel had different intentions in changing the world. With all these differences, The Giver and Brave New World both expressed the same basic conceptpain and love cant exist in a perfect utopia. .

Essay Sample on Little Children in Poetry

Essay Sample on Little Children in Poetry Little children are little cherubs from heaven who lost their way and found themselves trapped in this world of ours. No wonder they are so pure and innocent, so faithful and loving, so forgiving and so divine- they still have something heavenly in them! It’s such a pity that they lose this angelic touch in them as they grow more and more a part of this world. For me, it seems that as they are drawn away from heaven, these little children lose their luster of innocence. Children are such a source of joy as they bring so much lightness of heart and tenderness of emotions that they lilt like the lines of poetry. Yes, they are cute little verses running on little feet! Wasn’t it Alfred Lord Tennyson, poet laureate of the Victorian Age who in his â€Å"Children’s Hour† paid tribute to the â€Å"patter of little feet†? Or William Wordsworth who wrote and said that â€Å"the child is father to the man†? Definitely, it was Jesus who said â€Å"Let the children come unto me, for such as these is the kingdom of heaven!† Yes children are a joy forever; they are indeed things of heavenly beauty. Watch a tiny tot as he toddles across the room until he reaches the safety of a chair which he grasps with his chubby little hands; and see how he breaks into that victorious, yet gleeful toothless grin that can melt the hardest of hearts. Not even Alexander the Great could manage such a triumphant smile as he marched across As ia to India! Feel his little hands wrap themselves around your neck as he tiptoes to plant the wettest kiss on your cheeks. Such blessing from heaven you have never felt! Hear his tiny throat gurgle with laughter as he exhales all the mirth that heaven can afford to shower on you. Look at him in his crib at night as he sleeps after a whole day of impish delight. No greater peace can any man ever see such as  this! What happens, what really happens why all these beautiful things simply vanish from sight as the child grows up to his adulthood? Probably, it is deeply erroneous to teach a child to become more serious, more sober, more composed, more restrained as he continues to mature and grow to be a confused teenager until he becomes a dismal adult. Adults are in reality a total bundle of restrained thoughts and emotions, a walking, stifling mass of confused emotions and mental rigidity. What a noble piece of work man could become; but unfortunately he usually grows to be just that – a piece of work, and nothing else. We are admonished not to be childish; we are cajoled to be serious adults. We are taught to be serious about work; we are never told to enjoy work. We are often pushed to reach for the stars; but we are not asked if we would be happy just reaching for the moon. We are expected to succeed; but we are seldom taught to also expect to fail.That is what is wrong with the world today. We all have left our childhood forever and we never bothered to look back. It’s as if childhood is something to be avoided and to be forgotten. No wonder most of us still feel that lonesome longing for the happy days of our childhood; and as we do, we have moist eyes and tearful gazes. Why can’t we keep our childhood in our pockets and bring it out once in a while, especially when days become so tiring and so devastating? Why can’t we keep that child alive in us, deep in our minds and deep in our hearts? Why do we have to snuff out the life of that child in us and later suffer the utmost remorse that we did not keep him gleefully gurgling within us? If the child is father of the man, then let that child continue living in us; so that as our hearts leaped when we saw a rainbow in the sky so many, many years ago; so it would leap now at the same rainbow in the same sky. No, I am not at all advocating that we all remain irresponsibly childish. No, never. However, I believe that we should at many times in our dreary adult life become childlike so that we can see our life, even within the space of a few moments, as a precious toy that we can delight in tinkering with and we can enjoy pulling around as we go. This way, we can look at our world as our little playpen where all our toys are stuffed in, together with our milk bottle and our huggable and comforting pillows; instead of feeling that life is a prison of the most pernicious kind. Come, all of you and join me. Let us be childlike in our thoughts and in our feelings for it’s the only way we can become big little men- working like men but finding delight like a child; grinning like a man, but gurgling deep inside like a child; misty eyed like a man, but crying within like a child; wistful like a man, but hopeful like a child; caring like a man, but loving like a child. Come, it’s the only way we can have a little glimpse of heaven in this seemingly desolate life on earth.

Negligence in Childcare Regulations Research Paper

Negalance in Childcare Regulation - Research Paper Example The basic responsibilities of a childcare company include assistance in the construction of a classroom environment which is helpful to learning and suitable to the physical, social, and emotional development of children with an emphasis on language development and emergent literacy skills. Children are most sensitive and most intuitive ingredient of our society so major precautions should be taken in their teaching and training, so the companies should perform duties as planned under the leadership of the Early Childhood Specialists (Child Care professional development training online, 2010). Likewise, child care companies also assist in the screening and preparation of children to let them fully participate in program services. To ensure the best security, they have to implement the curriculum that is planned by the Early Childhood Specialist which has to be based on scientifically based reading research. Interaction with the children in a way which conveys respect and nurturing is also necessary. It will be the child care provider’s responsibility to play with children; this will often mean getting down on the floor to interact with them. They will provide activities and opportunities that encourage inquisitiveness, exploration, and problem-solving appropriate to the development levels of the children. This is an essential part of the training and overall development phase. To guarantee the best development of the adored children, they assist in the selection of books, equipment and other instructional materials suitable for the early childhood program. As all know that health is wealth, they emphasize significantly on the personal hygiene of each child in their care (Department of Children and Families, 2011).  

Quality Safety and Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Quality Safety and Management - Coursework Example These regulations lay out the duties of all the stakeholders in the construction process, ranging from the clients, designers as well as, putting more emphasis on the CDM coordinator. Generally, issues pertaining construction industry have become of grave concern to the public in totality. For instance, it has been noted that there has been much discussion in the construction industry about the duties and powers that the CDM Coordinator currently has, and what changes to those powers could improve the effectiveness of the CDM Regulations to achieve their high level aims. More evidently, research has hinted that the UK construction industry suffers from numerous problems, not least of which is its reputation for not meeting clients’ needs. This paper seeks to analyze these two connotations with a view to make clear the recommendations for the issues. Research and evaluation Since the formulation of new regulations, researchers have sought to highlight the state of affairs of th e construction industry with an intention to bring into focus their perspective on the issue of challenges facing the construction industry as it stands today. With introduction of the CDM coordinator, a turn of events was expected. ... Notably, performance of the construction industry has been rated on the cost, quality and the time involved. According to Hunt, Robitaille and Villiams (2008) following fragmented nature of the industry there has been poor communication between the stakeholders involved in a construction project and the CDM coordinator. Investigations into the matter has revealed that, the changes previously established have never been implemented implying that the construction industry has been on the verge of resisting change (Crosby, 2004). It has also been established that although clients were the main parties in instigating change in the construction industry, they were rarely involved in the governance of the sector and also there was the need for proper communication between the clients and the contractors, and the coordinator (CIRIA, 1999). Rethinking Construction pointed out on the need for adoption of mechanisms that will guarantee quality and efficiency in the UK construction industry. Th ey identified the major drivers for the proposed change as committed leadership, better focus on the customer, Integration of systems and teams, having a quality driven agenda as well as, committed people (CIRIA, 1999). Another study revealed that, the output of the UK industry rose to a considerable level prompting a rise in the standards within the sector (CIRIA, 1999). According to a report by market and the chartered institute of purchasing, in spite of increased activity in the construction sector new forms of work and employment still stood at low margins (Chau and Lai, 1994). As indicated the construction purchasing managers index (CPI) stood at 50.9 mark in October, 2012

Portfolio letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Portfolio letter - Essay Example It was hard for me to give feedback at the beginning because I did not know what to say. After reading their essays, it always gave me some ideas on how to improve my writing. I learned a lot about writing and really enjoyed this class. I chose Assignment 1 to put in my portfolio because I spent much time on it, such as revising. This assignment can reflect how my writing skill has improved from the past. Coming from a non English speaking background can be a milestone in the quest to learn how to speak and write English properly. As seen in the assignment different words in English and mandarin looked and sounded different as well as their direct translation which to a young person proved very confusing (Adamson, 30). In order to become a diffident writer I had to chose English as my second language and mandarin as my first language since it was used at home, therefore, it was easy to pick as it came automatically. Choosing English as a second language meant that I had to think in English as opposed to mandarin in order to prevent direct translations. To learn to think in English I read English books about fairy tales so as to have the mindset of an English speaking child (Adamson, 25). The books included fairy story books like Cinderella, Walt Disney and many others. I travelled to the USA to better equip myself with the English language and area Mr. Rebello. This teacher made me write summer vacation journal, records of daily entries of the extra-curricular activities, poems and video translations over and over again to rid myself of the previous mistakes. Of most importance is the use of peer review method to grade and review other student’s work. This is important as it highlights our mistakes as well as other people’s mistakes. At the same time it shows the extent of improvement. I revised my work, edited them until other people could positively review my work. The second

Segmental Features Between Arabic And English

Segmental Features Between Arabic And English This assignment is a complement to the first assignment titled as comparative and contrastive description of segmental features between the Arabic and English languages. In this assignment, differently, the light will be shed on comparative and contrastive description of suprasegmental features between the above-mentioned languages. Ellery, et al. (1995) indicated that features of spoken languages which are not identified as discrete segments are variously referred as prosodic features, non- segmental features or suprasegmental features (p.327). Ellery, et al. (1995) also stated that prosody refers to prosodic features of speech, namely, tone, stress, intonation and others. Thus, three prosodic features will be discussed to show the similarities and differences between English and Arabic. Besides, the focus will be shifted to identifying the problems the Arab learners often face in learning English in terms of prosody. 1-Arabic 1.1 Syllable Structure Reima (2007) stated that Arabic language has three syllable types. These are summarized as follows: 1- Super heavy syllables CVVC CVCC. The super heavy syllable consists of one consonant immediately followed by one or two vowels and end in one or two consonants as in: 2- Heavy syllables CVC CVV. The heavy syllable consists of one consonant immediately followed by one or two vowels as in: 3- Light syllable: CV. The light syllable consists of a consonant immediately followed by one short vowel as in: Reima (2007) asserted that formation of syllables is regular in the Arabic language. In addition, it is not typical to find any syllable in the Arabic language starts with V or CC. 1.2 Stress According to Reima (2007) Watson (2007) the Arabic language has three word stress levels. These are the primary, secondary and weak levels. Swan Smith (2001), Reima (2007) indicated that stress in the Arabic language is predictable and regular. In other words, one can predict or determine the stress of the Arabic words. Swan Smith (2001) stated that Arab learners face difficulty in predicting stress in the English language, particularly in word stress. The difficulty of grasping word stress in English may result in altering the meaning of the word. For instance, a learner may pronounce the verb (convict) as the noun (convict) where the stress position is completely different. Reima (2007) summarized the Arabic stress as follows: 1- If a word contains one super heavy syllable or more, stress falls on the last super heavy syllable as in: 2- If a word contains heavy and light syllables, stress falls on the heavy syllable before the final syllable (nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ final heavy syllable) as in: 3- If a word contains light syllables, stress falls on the first syllable as in: 4- If a word is a present or a past verb, stress falls on the first syllable as in: 5- If a word is a masculine or feminine Arabic noun, stress falls on the second syllable as in: 1.3 Intonation According to Swan Smith (2001) Arabic and English have closely similar intonation patterns, especially in meaning and contour. Reima (2007) summarized the Arabic stress as follows: 1- In Arabic, falling intonation is used at the end of: Declarative statements: the voice starts on amid pitch, rises slightly on the last stressed syllable and drop to a low pitch at the end as in: In commands as in: In Whà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ questions: voice is high in stressed syllable and falls quickly to mid pitch for the rest of the sentence as in: 2- In Arabic, risingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ falling intonation is normally used at the end of: Yesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ no questions as in: In utterances containing an element of protest or surprise: voice is flat, no rise no fall as in: In vocatives as in: In requests: the voice rises and falls somewhat, with an optional pause as in: 1.4 Rhythm In speech, rhythm has been defined as an effect involving the isochronous recurrence of some type of speech unit (Pike (1945), Abercrombie (1967), Bloch (1950). Dauer (1983) argued that the perception of different types of rhythm has mainly to do with differences in syllable structure, vowel reduction and types of stress. As to Arabic, according to Barkat et al. (1999) Arabic and its various dialects are all stress-timed. Based on the articles I have read, there is a consensus among researchers that Arabic listeners make use of speech rhythm to distinguish between speakers. For instance, Barkat et al. (1999) revealed that speakers of Arabic, due to rhythm, can distinguish between speakers of Arabic from North Africa and speakers living in the Middle East. Many studies have been conducted on Arabic rhythm. One of the important findings is the highness if vocalic intervals in the eastern Arabic dialects such as Palestine than western Arabic dialects such as Tunisia. 2-English 2.1 Syllable Structure According to Deterding poedjosoedarmo (1998) the distinction between light and heavy syllables can be helpful in predicting stress in English. The former contains a diphthong and/or several consonants in the coda while the latter contains a single short vowel. Heavy syllables tend to be stressed and light ones tend not to be stressed. The relationship between syllables and stress is extremely related. Deterding poedjosoedarmo (1998) argued there are not pure rules that help learners accurately predict stress placement in multisyllabic words; however, knowing the syllable structures- heavy and light syllables may solve the problem and prove useful. All in all, understanding stress rules in English entails understanding syllable structures first. English words are different in terms of the number of syllables. Some contain one, or two. Some may contain three or four. Some examples are provided below: 2.2 Stress Chomsky and Halle (1968) suggested that stress, like the Arabic language within English words is predictable, and several sets of complex rules have been proposed for predicting stress. Stress is very important in English as it is a major feature that distinguishes certain pairs of words. According to Christophersen (1996), English has the following stress rules: The great majority of twoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ syllable words are stressed on the first syllable, e.g.: A number of words have two different stress patterns according to whether they are verbs or nouns, adjectives or verbs e.g.: Noticeably, nouns and adjectives are stressed on the first syllable while verbs are given stress on the second syllable. According to Deterding poedjosoedarmo (1998) derivational suffixes ca be classified into three types: stress-preserving, stress-attracting and stress-shifting. The first type does not change stress placement in words such as -ful, as in wonder/ wonderful. The second type receives primary stress such as -ee, as in employ/ emplyee. The last type make the stress shift such as -ive, as in reflex/ reflexive. The analysis of suffixation on stress placement is outlined below: When a suffix is added to a word, the new form is stressed on the syllable as was the basic word, e.g.: words ending in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ tion , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ sion , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ic , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ical, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ity , almost always have primary stress on the syllable preceding the ending , e.g. : If a word ending in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ate or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ment has only two syllables, the stress falls on the last syllable if the word is a verb, but on the first syllable if the word is a noun or an adjective. When stressed , the ending is pronounced [eÉ ªt], [mÉâ„ ¢nt] ; when unstressed, it is pronounced [ t], [mÉâ„ ¢nt], e.g. : If a word ending in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ate, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ment has more than two syllables, the main stress will fall on the third syllable from the end. In verbs, the final syllable is pronounced [eÉ ªt] , [mÉâ„ ¢nt]; in nouns it is pronounced [ t], [mÉâ„ ¢nt] , e.g.: Stress placement is also affected by compounding. When two roots are combined to produce new words, the resulting word is called a compound (Deterding poedjosoedarmo 1998 (p. 100). The rules are summarized below: compound nouns have a primary stress on the first component, e.g.: In compound verbs, the primary stress falls on the second component, e.g.: In the intensiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ reflexive pronouns, the stronger accent falls on the last syllable ,e.g.: Numbers ending in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ teen may receive primary stress on either syllable, e.g.: In words ending in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ion, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ sive, the stress falls on the last vowel before the ending .e.g.: The majority of English compounds have single stress .e.g.: All compounds with a present participle, as the first element, have a single stress, e.g.: A double stress is used in compounds of two nouns, if the first noun indicates the material of which or with which the second is made, e. g.: A double stress is used in compounds that have two nouns, each noun indicates a distinct characteristic of the same person or thing, e.g. : In most sentences, some words are more important than others and we indicate this by the way we stress or unstress them. The following words are usually unstressed: articles: a, an, the, prepositions such as at etc. personal pronouns such as I etc. possessive adjectives such as my etc. relative pronouns such as who etc. conjunctions such as and etc. The following words are usually stressed: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, demonstrative interrogatives, e.g.: He shall send it to you. She cooks three meals each day. In an hour, he will be ready to send it. This new car is to be barked here. 2.3 Intonation Roach (2001) pointed out that intonation is difficult to define. Generally, intonation is the melody of speech and is to be analyzed in terms of variations of pitch. It is known that intonation can indicate different types of utterances, such as statements, questions, commands, attitudes and emotions of the speaker. Reima (2007) summarized the intonation rules as follows: A) In English, risingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ falling intonation is normally used at the end of: Simple statements of facts (declarative statements), e.g.: Commands: Questions which begin with an interrogative word, i.e., B) In English, rising intonation is normally used in the following cases: At the end of yesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ no questions: In requests: C) In utterances containing an element of protest or surprise: 2.3 Rhythm English, with an alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables, is obviously stress-timed. Deterding poedjosoedarmo (1998) stated that rhythm is important in English because many cases of miscommunication can be attributed to failure to interpret familiar words as they are uttered with an unfamiliar rhythm pattern. For example, the speaker may say talking to themselves stressing on talk and them. If a native speaker hears these words, he will misunderstand the words and interpret them as taking to damsels. So, the unexpected rhythm pattern contributed to misunderstanding. As stated above, English words may contain one or more syllables. These words contain syllables (stressed) that are louder, clearer than others (unstressed). Gilbert (1984) believed that the combination of these stressed and unstressed syllables results in the rhythm found in English words. This combination also shows the strength, length and pitch of syllables. Moreover, sentences in English, like words, have r hythm. Dauer, (1993) argued that if one wants to have good sentence rhythm, she/he needs to know how to join syllables together into larger unites besides the clear difference between stressed and unstressed syllables. Problems in learning English in terms of prosody Arab learners find it easy to grasp the predictable word stress in their language; however, they face problems in grasping the unpredictable nature of English word stress. Sentence rhythm is alike in both languages so that Arab learners avoid contracted forms and elision when they read loudly. As a result, heavy staccato rhythm can be found in their reading. Regarding intonation, Swan Smith (2001) found out that Arab learners tend to intone, reducing intonation to a low fall at the ends of phrases and sentences. According to Rababah, (2002) Arab learners face problems that are related to stress, intonation and other features of prosody due to some difference in pronunciation between the two languages. English word pattern with (-ism) suffix receive their stress on the antepenultimate or pre- antepenultimate syllable, but they never receive it on the penultimate or final syllable. Quite contrary to this, in the pronunciation of the Arab learners of English, it is often noticed that stress in such word patterns tend to be consistently shifted to the penultimate (before the final) syllable. According to Ryan Meara (1999) Arab learners confuse English words due to the number of syllables and the shift of stress syllables as in the following example:

Amazonian Economy and Exploitation Concerns Essay -- Brazil Amazon Eco

Amazonian Economy and Exploitation Concerns The economy of Manaus, Brazil and of the Amazon Basin draws from the many natural resources of the region. The indigenous populations of the Amazonian floodplains participate minimally in the market economy, sometimes selling fish during productive seasons. Their lifestyles are predominantly self-subsistence, so there is no real need for cash. Manaus, on the other hand, is a large, developed city with a thriving local market and healthy exportation market. Products of the rainforest and river used in the market include fish, rubber, brazil nuts, hardwoods, and other plant fibers. Extracted and mined from the earth are minerals such as manganese ore, diamonds, gold, and petroleum. Eco-tourism, in which outsiders tour the land and river, is a part of the local economy. Chemical production is also a part of Manaus’ economy. Exploitation has been a concern since the Europeans began colonizing Brazil, but it has been an area of concern more recently. One exploited population, the native peoples, is often overlooked. Colonizing Europeans...

Engineering Failure Case Study

Failure Analysis at DMRC On July 12th 2009 a metro bridge that was under construction collapsed due to negligence by an office in-charge of the Badarpur Metro line. The failure of the bridge killed 6 and injured another 15 when the pier cap sheared from the connecting pillars. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation took major heat from this incident because the roadway was a major milestone of providing a reliable and easy mean of transportation to the capitol of India.The DMRC is considered the most reputed infrastructure organization of India and neglecting roadways to the point where they fail is not an option. During that day the pier cap collapsed causing the collapse of the launching girder, span between p-66 and p-67 piers which had already been erected and pre-stressed, and also segments of the superstructure for the span between p-67 and p-68. The pier cap (p-67) sheared from the connecting point of the pier and pier cap.The top reinforcement of the cantilever beam did not have an y development into the pier itself which caused the shear itself. The launching girder has failed due to the failure of the pier cap. This failure also caused the span between piers 67 and 68 causing it to be inclined supported by the ground on one end and the pier cap on the other. With the failure of the pier cap and span between piers the crane used for lifting the launching girder also failed on July 13th 2009.Bending of the crane shows the clear sign of overloading which was caused by not analyzing the amount of stress the crane could handle. The causes of the failure are many and once one portion of the roadway failed it caused a chain reaction to the entire infrastructure collapsing. The pier (p-67) was initially designed as a leg of a portal frame between piers but then was changed to support the pier cap. The same method was used for piers p-66 and p-68.The top reinforcement was poorly engineered; the pier cap had a reinforcement of 36mm diameter and a length of 500mm which was an insufficient bond length for the structure. During the launching operation the launching girder itself developed a crack that was grouted in crack areas and further strengthened by introducing prop or jacketing. During the launching of superstructure 6 segments where lifted and the whole system collapsed when the seventh segment was hooked up for lifting.It was concluded that the failure of the pier cap occurred to the improper jacketing done when a crack had occurred. This was also coupled with inadequate length of support and reinforcement of the cantilever pier cap. The failure of the cranes was the fact that the capacity of 2 cranes where not able to hold the weight of the superstructure which caused the larger 3rd crane to fail. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation sacked the official in charge of the Badarpur Metro line, Vijay Anand for neglecting his duty.Structural designs should have been proof checked by an experienced structural engineer. Also once failure had been ob served the structure should have been abandoned and a new structure should have been built. Make shift reinforcement to save a failed structure was a major neglecting issue and engineering failure. The lack of professionalism that lead to the superstructure failure started with trying to fix the failed pier cap and neglecting the fact that the cranes used to lift the structure where not engineered to hold the amount of weight that needed to be supported.The support reinforcement should have been checked by an experienced engineer that should have easily seen the reinforcement issue between the pier and pier cap. The information for this case study was found from www. engineeringcivil. com/theory/civil. engineering-disaster. com and www. thaindian. com. The entire structural failure was found on these sites including who was a fault and why the structure failed.

Cloture Defintion - Senate Rule to Break a Filibuster

Cloture Defintion - Senate Rule to Break a Filibuster Cloture is a procedure used occasionally in the U.S. Senate to break a filibuster. Cloture, or Rule 22, is the only formal procedure in Senate parliamentary rules, in fact, that can force an end to the stalling tactic. It allows the Senate to limit consideration of a pending matter to 30 additional hours of debate. Cloture History The Senate first adopted the cloture rule in 1917 after President Woodrow Wilson called for the implementation of a procedure to end debate on any given matter. The first cloture rule allowed for such a move with the support of a two-thirds majority in the upper chamber of Congress. Cloture was first used two years later, in 1919, when the Senate was debating the Treaty of Versailles, the peace agreement between Germany and the Allied Powers that officially ended World War I. Lawmakers successfully invoked cloture to end a lengthy filibuster on the matter. Perhaps the most well known use of cloture came when the Senate invoked the rule after a 57-day filibuster against the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Southern lawmakers stalled debate over the measure, which included a ban on lynching, until the Senate mustered enough votes for cloture. Reasons for Cloture Rule The cloture rule was adopted at a time when deliberations in the Senate had ground to a halt, frustrating President Wilson during a time of war. At the end of the session in 1917, lawmakers filibustered for 23 days against Wilsons proposal to arm merchant ships, according to the Senate Historians office. The delay tactic also hampered efforts to pass other important legislation. President Calls for Cloture Wilson railed against the Senate, calling it the only legislative body in the world which cannot act when its majority is ready for action. A little group of willful men, representing no opinion but their own, have rendered the great government of the United States helpless and contemptible. As a result, the Senate wrote and passed the original cloture rule on March 8, 1917. In addition to ending filibusters, the new rule allowed each senator an additional hour to speak after invoking cloture and before voting on a bills final passage. Despite Wilsons influence in instituting the rule, cloture was invoked only five times over the course of the following four and a half decades. Cloture Impact Invoking cloture guarantees that a Senate vote on the bill or amendment being debated will eventually happen. The House does not have a similar measure. When cloture is invoked, senators are also required to engage in debate that is germane to the legislation being discussed. The rule contains a clause the any speech following the invocation of cloture must be on the measure, motion, or other matter pending before the Senate. The cloture rule thereby prevents lawmakers from merely stalling for another hour by, say, reciting the Declaration of Independence or reading names from a phone book. Cloture Majority The majority needed to invoke cloture in the Senate remained two-thirds, or 67 votes, of the 100-member body from the rules adoption in 1917 until 1975, when the number of votes needed was reduced to just 60. To being the cloture process, at least 16 members of the Senate must sign a cloture motion or petition that states: We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the provisions of Rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, hereby move to bring to a close the debate upon (the matter in question). Cloture Frequency Cloture was rarely invoked in the early 1900s and mid-1900s. The rule was used only four times, in fact, between 1917 and 1960. Cloture became more common only in the late 1970s, according to records kept by the Senate. The procedure was used a record 187 times in the 113th Congress, which met in 2013 and 2014 during President Barack Obamas second term in the White House.

No Steroids Needed Professor Ramos Blog

No Steroids Needed How would you behave if you had a chance to build your athletic career? If you had a chance to use steroids for your benefit, would you take them? Why do so many athletes take an injection before their every game? The problem of steroids is quite relevant and controversial nowadays. According to the latest surveys, more than 80% of professional athletes use steroids to win a competition. Therefore, it is easier to find a ‘clean’ athlete who plays fairly than a cheater. Steroids should be banned from sports because it is unfair to the players that dont use them. They wont be able to compete at the same level and will, therefore, fall behind. The quality of the sport is compromised because its no longer about which athlete has the best skills and talent, its now about which athlete has more money to buy the best steroids. And lastly, steroids are so dangerous.    Athletes achieve their success knowing they work hard to attain it and can truly say they accomplished something that makes them better at what they do. All athletes must practice often and stay consistent to get more proficient in their field of play. The pressures of performing well on the field often drives many athletes to use steroids. The growing popularity of steroids is connected with the rapid development of pharmaceutics. Many medical laboratories and institutes make money producing different types of performance-enhancing drugs. Furthermore, they try to produce such injections that cannot be detected when an athlete is checked on the banned substances. Most of the time people dont realize the long term effects that result from the decisions they make early in life. In a 1995 survey, aspiring Olympic athletes revealed that well over half of them would take a performance-enhancing drug if it would guarantee to win every competition for five years, even though taking this dru g would kill them (Longman 2001). Anabolic steroids stimulate muscle tissue to grow and bulk up in response to training by mimicking the effect of naturally produced testosterone on the body. Anabolic steroids can remain in the body anywhere from a couple of days to about a year. Steroids have become popular because they may improve endurance, strength, and muscle mass. However, research has not shown that steroids improve skill, agility, or athletic performance. Steroids can also have serious psychological side effects. Some users may become aggressive or combative, believe things that arent true (delusions), or have extreme feelings of mistrust or fear (paranoia). And people who use steroids also appear to be at higher risk for using other drugs, such as alcohol or cocaine, often to counteract some of the negative effects of steroids. Steroid users who inject the drugs with a needle are at risk for infection with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the virus that causes AIDS, if they share needles with other users. People who use dirty needles are also at risk for contracting hepatitis, a liver disease, or bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the inner lining of the heart. The use of performance enhancers is cheating because it violates the constitutive rules of the activity. Since such use is cheating, it is wrong and we should expect the disqualification of competitors who are caught using. This conclusion is established through a simple and straightforward argument. Cheating is deliberate, knowing, and voluntary violation of certain constitutive rules in order to gain a competitive advantage. Since the violation is knowing, the attempt to gain an advantage is illegitimate and unethical, and the advantage sought is thus unfair. The objects of doping control are clear. The essence of a sporting contest is that it should be fairly conducted, with the competitors success or failure being the result of natural talents like speed, skill, endurance, tactical awareness honed, it may be, by instruction, training and body maintenance in its widest sense. The much-used metaphor a level playing field derives from the sport. The use of drugs violates all such notions of equality: the drug taker starts with an unfair advantage. Success becomes the product of the test tube, not the training track. The interests of innocent athletes need protection by the punishment of the guilty. Anabolic steroids enhance performance by increasing the size of the muscles which increases their strength. As a result of this, overall body fat is reduced as well. Both of these contribute to better physical performance. It has also been noted by the Australian Academy of Science That those taking anabolic steroids tend to recover from injury faster. Stimulants can enhance key aspects such as increased blood flow from an increased heart rate can disperse oxygen throughout the body faster, increasing endurance and even healing injuries faster. Sharper focus can increase response time, allowing athletes to better react while competing. Steroids can stay in the body for 14 to 28 days and can be detected through heightened levels of testosterone and steroid metabolites in the user’s blood. Urinalysis and hair follicle test is also among the common methods used to detect the presence of steroids in the body. In addition to these two tests, various new methods, such as HPLC, GC, Immunoassay, and Radioimmunoassay, should also be introduced by sports authorities for testing steroids. The only things that works to discourage the use of steroids are testing and penalties. You can talk about personal responsibility until youre blue in the face, but to stop steroid use, testing is necessary.   For example, in Major League Baseball, every single player from every team is tested twice a year; once right before the start of the season, and then once more randomly during the season. In some unusual cases, when a player is suspected to be using, they can be tested within 48 hours. Even Cocaine has ceased to be big proble ms in professional football because of testing. In most other professional sports, the inmates are running the asylum. There is no effective and consistent testing, and the penalties are pitiful. Steroid drug tests need to be required starting as early as high school all the way to professional because of the unfair advantages that these drugs offer to athletes. Steroids provide increased strength and stamina. Athletes who are found guilty of using these drugs should be suspended from competition and given heavy fines. Millard-Stafford, Mindy L. â€Å"Sports Medicine.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 30 Dec. 2015, britannica.com/science/sports-medicine. Millard-Stafford, Mindy L. â€Å"Sports Medicine.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 30 Dec. 2015, britannica.com/science/sports-medicine. â€Å"Primary Care Sports Medicine Physician.† ExploreHealthCareers.org, explorehealthcareers.org/field/sports-medicine/. â€Å"Sports Medicine Fellowship at Overlook.† Chilton Medical Center Hospital in Pompton Plains, NJ Atlantic Health, atlantichealth.org/professionals-medical-education/fellowships/sports-medicine-fellowship-overlook.html. â€Å"Sports Medicine Professionals.† HealthyChildren.org, healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/pediatric-specialists/Pages/Sports-Medicine-Professionals.aspx. â€Å"Sports Medicine.† ScienceDaily, ScienceDaily, sciencedaily.com/terms/sports_medicine.htm.

Accepted change management framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accepted change management framework - Essay Example Subsequently, this paper describes the degree to which the organization followed the change management framework. Ascension Health is an example of a health care organization or institution that has undergone transformational change. Ascension Health can be described as a nonprofit health institution with outlets in twenty states in the United States. According to the Commonwealth Fund (2006), "Ascension Health is the largest catholic and largest nonprofit health care system in the United States, includes sixty seven acute care facilities staffed by one hundred and six thousand associates in twenty states and the District of Columbia" (p. A1). At one time, this health organization recognized the main sources of unnecessary and avoidable injuries as well as fatalities within their health. Therefore, the organization instigated or initiated a process of transformational change that was geared towards reducing and subsequently eradicating these quandaries within a span of five years. The transformational change that was planned by Ascension Health involved the recognition and classification of pra ctically each and every part of the health care delivery system within the institution that was the source or otherwise led to any fatalities or injuries to individuals seeking care. This was followed by methodical operations and activities geared towards identifying and as well widening or extending superlative plans of action in order to radically develop and advance patients safety within affected departments and units. There are various theories that have been developed over the past to elucidate the process of change in organizations. One of the examples of the theories applicable in this case is Koters model. The initial steep of transformational change according to Kotter is the institution or creation of a sense of exigency or importance (Kotter, 1995). For any change

Fieldwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Fieldwork - Essay Example Users of interactive media are engaged to the media that they are using. This paper shall investigate the effect of interactive media on the people. The study used random sampling method to select ten respondents for the purposes of understanding the influence of interactive media on cognitive development and learning process. A questionnaire the data collection sought answers to the following questions: The open-ended questionnaire provides room for the respondents to widen the scope of their answers and provide insights into the question. Due to time constraints in interviewing the respondents separately, the questionnaire provided timely data from all the respondents. The response rate was 100%. Most of the respondents (9 out of 10) attested to the use of the internet and digital television as their main interactive media forums. These are the most understood and commonly shared by all the respondents4. Four respondents affirmed that interactive media has positive effects on their social ties. They said that interactive media has enabled fast communication and connection with other people, thus building their social ties5. Interactive media also helps them to keep in touch with their friends. The remaining six respondents attributed their social problems to interactive media. The engaging nature of these media denied them the time to go out and socialise. The impersonality nature of interactive media extends to their social relationships6. Majority of the respondents (80%) agreed that interactive media improves and facilitates the learning process. They said that interactive media provides platforms for them to get more knowledge and provides simplified versions and illustrations for understanding. The other two respondents were unsure of the influence interactive media had on their learning process. Eight respondents were